Chlorine common sense
Chlorine (chlorine gas) is a toxic gas, with a yellow-green appearance, a pungent odor, easily soluble in lye, and corrosive when exposed to water. It does not burn, but is a strong oxidizing agent that helps combustion. Most of the combustibles can be burned in chlorine, and flammable gases or vapors can also form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Chlorine gas can react violently with many chemicals such as acetylene, turpentine, ether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, metal powders, etc., and explode or produce explosive substances. It has a corrosive effect on almost both metals and non-metals. This product is mainly used for bleaching and disinfection, making chlorine compounds, hydrochloric acid, polyvinyl chloride, etc.
Chlorine gas is a Class II (highly hazardous) poison, once inhaled, mild respiratory organs will become inflamed, severe cases will suffocate, and even sudden death.
Acute poisoning: mild cases have tearing, coughing, coughing up a small amount of phlegm, chest tightness, trachea and bronchitis; Moderate poisoning patients develop bronchopneumonia or interstitial pulmonary edema, and in addition to the aggravation of the above symptoms, the patient has dyspnea, mild cyanosis, etc.; In severe cases, pulmonary edema, coma and shock occur, and complications such as pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema may occur. Inhalation of extremely high concentrations of chlorine gas can cause vagus nerve reflex cardiac arrest or laryngeal spasm, resulting in "electric shock-like" death. Skin contact with liquid chlorine or high concentrations of chlorine may result in burns or acute dermatitis at the exposed site.
Chronic effects: long-term low-concentration exposure can cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, etc.; It can cause occupational acne and tooth erosion.
According to relevant reports, when a 1-ton liquid chlorine cylinder ruptures and leaks at 50C, the volume of chlorine gas generated by the evaporation of liquid chlorine in the bottle reaches 77.34 cubic meters, and the polluted airspace that can cause death is 86,000 cubic meters based on the concentration that can be fatal to people in 5-10 minutes (0.09% in the air)! The size of the region
For those operating in the region, the threat is obvious.
Chlorine leak cases:
At about 19 o'clock on February 23, 2001, a chlorine gas leak occurred at a private chemical plant in Fuhe Town, Zengcheng City, Guangzhou. At that time, a worker in the factory found a chlorine gas leak and wanted to close the valve, but when he saw that the workers were smoked down by chlorine gas one after another, he knew that something was wrong, so he escaped with everyone. A large amount of chlorine gas leaked out drifted to the surrounding villages with the wind, and hundreds of villagers developed symptoms of poisoning of varying severity and were sent to the hospital for treatment. About two or three villagers from nearly 8 villages attached to the factory were evacuated in an orderly manner overnight under the organization of relevant town and municipal departments. At about 15 o'clock on May 23, 2001, a private truck owner in Maitreya County, Yunnan Province, went from Yibin, Sichuan Province to an old city to pull industrial bleaching powder, and when passing through Pengpu Town, Maitreya County, the vehicle broke down, and the driver drove the car to the fleet repair shop of the Forestry Bureau by the river for repairs.
These accidents reflect some existing problems: 1. The safety management system of some enterprises is not sound or cannot strictly implement the management system and operating procedures; 2. Workers have poor professional skills and low safety technical quality, and they do not know much about the work, process requirements and product properties they are engaged in. 3. The ability of engineering emergency rescue and acute poisoning emergency rescue of accidents is poor. In order to use liquid chlorine safely, safety education and training must be carried out for liquid chlorine users. Establish cylinder files and check them regularly; Before filling liquid chlorine, the cylinders should be weighed and inspected according to strict operating procedures.
In order to strengthen the safety management of chlorine, conscientiously implement the chlorine safety regulations, and ensure the safety of the production, storage, transportation and use of chlorine (chlorine, liquid chlorine), relevant personnel need to be familiar with the nature, preparation, application, danger and hazards of chlorine; liquid chlorine cylinder structure, accessories, logo, paint color, safe use, installation and technical inspection; storage and transportation rules, pile insertion data and schematic diagrams; and the causes of accidents, preventive measures, protective facilities and first aid methods.
What should we do in the event of a chlorine accident? Some first aid measures and storage and transportation precautions are introduced as follows:
First aid measures After the skin comes into contact with the crystal, immediately remove the contaminated clothing, rinse with plenty of running water, and seek medical attention. After the eyes come into contact with this product, immediately lift the eyelids, rinse with running water or saline, and seek medical attention. The person who inhales this product should quickly leave the scene to a fresh air. When the breathing heart stops, perform artificial respiration and chest compressions immediately, and then seek medical attention.
Precautions This product should be strictly closed during the production process in the workshop. Provides adequate local exhaust and full ventilation. When the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, it is recommended to wear an air respirator or oxygen respirator. Oxygen respirators must be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation. Wear a mask-type adhesive gas jacket and rubber gloves.
Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at the work site. After work, shower and change clothes. When entering restricted spaces or other high-concentration areas for operation, someone must supervise them.
Fire Fighting Measures and Fire Extinguishing Methods Firefighters must wear filtered gas masks or isolated respirators, and are required to wear full-body fire and gas protective clothing to extinguish the fire upwind. When extinguishing a fire, cut off the air source, spray water to cool the container, and if possible, move the container from the fire site to an open area.
Leakage emergency treatment Quickly evacuate personnel from the leakage pollution area to the upwind area, and immediately isolate them, strictly restricting the entry and exit of personnel. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive pressure respirators and wear gas clothing. Cut off the source of the leak as much as possible. Reasonable ventilation and accelerate diffusion. Spray water dilutes and dissolves. Build embankments or dig pits to contain large amounts of wastewater. The leaky container should be properly disposed of, repaired and inspected before it can be better used.
Precautions for storage and transportation Toxic compressed gas should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse. The temperature in the warehouse should not exceed 30C, and at the same time, it should be kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent direct sunlight. It should be stored separately from flammable or combustible materials, metal powders, ethers, hydrogen, etc., and should not be mixed storage and transportation. The liquid chlorine storage area should build a fence below the ground. During acceptance, pay attention to the product name, pay attention to the date of bottle inspection, and the first use of the advanced warehouse. When handling, it is lightly loaded and unloaded to prevent damage to cylinders and accessories. The transportation should be carried out according to the prescribed route and should not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas.
In order to ensure the safety of the production, transportation and use of chlorine products, the following suggestions are put forward:
Units that produce, operate, store, transport and use liquid chlorine must strictly implement laws and regulations such as the "Chlor-alkali Industry Safety Checklist", "Basic Conditions for the Safety Production of Chlorine and Organic Chlorides", and "Regulations on the Safety Management of Chemical Dangerous Goods", establish and improve the safety production responsibility system and safety rules and regulations, and implement various safety measures.
Strengthen safety training and education. Personnel who are directly in contact with the production, operation, storage, transportation and use of liquid chlorine must undergo professional safety knowledge training, pass the examination, and obtain the special operation qualification certificate issued by the relevant competent department before taking up their posts.
Pressure vessels such as liquid chlorine storage tanks and evaporators must obtain a pressure vessel use certificate issued by the boiler pressure vessel safety supervision agency of the labor administration department before they are put into use. The above equipment should be regularly inspected by the testing station recognized by the labor department, and it is strictly forbidden to overdue service or operate with illness.
The liquid chlorine filling unit shall obtain the gas filling registration certificate issued by the labor administrative department, and check the appearance, valve and residual pressure of the returned gas cylinders one by one until they are evacuated and allowed to fill after qualification.
All units and individuals engaged in the operation, storage or transportation of liquid chlorine must apply for a permit or transport permit from the local public security department. Vehicles and ships transporting liquid chlorine must be equipped with trained and qualified escorts and necessary emergency prevention facilities.
Units using liquid chlorine must be equipped with special gas cylinder lifting equipment, weighing instruments, pressure gauges, control valves and buffer devices to prevent material backsucking, and it is strictly forbidden to directly heat liquid chlorine gas cylinders with hot water exceeding 45C. The warehouse for the storage of liquid chlorine must comply with the fire safety technical specifications for highly toxic chemicals. Liquid chlorine production, operation, use, storage, transportation and other workplaces must be equipped with effective emergency repair, protection and fire-fighting equipment.