1. Industry Brief 1/2:
Drilling equipment (referred to as drilling rig) refers to various mechanical equipment required in the process of oil and gas drilling
General term. The main components of the drilling rig must be matched with each other to complete the three items of lifting, circulating and rotating the drilling rig
Main work. According to the different power equipment, it can be divided into mechanical transmission drilling rig, electric drilling rig and compound
3 types of drilling rigs. It mainly includes the following systems:
Lifting system Rotation system Circulation system Power equipment
Transmission system Control system Base Auxiliary equipment
The main equipment that the drilling rig must have consists of 7 major parts: 1/2 car, derrick, overhead car, amusement vehicle, faucet,
turntable, drilling pump.
2. Environmental characteristics:
The distribution of oil is more extensive than 1/2 of the world, so the working environment of onshore drilling almost includes any kind of environment in any 1/2 of the world. From there
There are drilling rigs in the desert environment in the east, drilling rigs in offshore areas, from the tropical rainforests of Africa and South America to the permafrost zone in Siberia
distribution. In addition, the drilling rig industry also has a unified feature: in the process of drilling, a large amount of high-pressure mud from the ground will be pumped out 1/2. These mud 1/2 to
It is rich in sulfur and is highly corrosive.
3. Gases to be detected:
According to the role of the drilling rig and its environment, it is not difficult to see that the gases that need to be detected by the drilling rig are mainly combustible, mainly methane
Sexual gas and hydrogen sulfide.
4. Drilling and construction operation risks:
Characteristics of drilling operation risk identification
※ Difference ※ Severity ※ Diversity ※ Temporality ※ Concealment ※ Variability
The main risks of drilling and related operations
※ Joint operation risk: blowout and blowout control may cause formation hydrocarbon overflow; Fire and explosion: Hydrocarbons in the formation
Spillage, especially the overflow of combustible (highly toxic) gases such as light oil and hydrogen sulfide, and the leakage of gasoline, diesel, lubricating oil, engine oil, etc., cause fire and explosion hazards
dangerous accidents, etc.
※ Related operational risks: logging operation risk; mud logging operation risk; Directional well operation risks; cementing operation risk; oil testing operation risk;
Pollution of wastewater, waste residue and exhaust gas generated by related operations to the environment.
※ Main specific hazards and effects in drilling operations
Harm to people by wellhead equipment
Oil Tree Main Danger: When the wellhead oil tree leaks valves, wire links, and the oil tree itself, the oil and gas leakage will occur
fire accidents; In addition, the sudden ejection of high-pressure oil and gas can cause injuries to the bodies of employees working around the oil production trees.
Pressure gauge main hazard: The danger comes from the pressure gauge itself and the employee's operation. When the pressure gauge itself leaks spring tube, the pressure gauge
When it fails, it will break the surface glass due to the pressure in the meter breaking through the leakage point, causing harm to people; When an employee does not follow operating procedures or uses Measuring range
Improper pressure gauges can also cause pressure oil and gas leakage in the gauge, which can be dangerous.
Harm to people in heating furnaces In oilfields with high wax, high viscosity and high freezing point, it is necessary to install a heating furnace after the wellhead to keep 1/2 row of crude oil warm,
1/2 sticky, clear wax. The heating furnace belongs to the oilfield special container, which is characterized by open flame, high temperature, and pressure, and belongs to the equipment with 1/2 high operating risk.
Due to the high risk of the furnace itself or improper operation by employees, accidents can occur and injuries can occur.
Explosion in the furnace chamber during ignition Main danger: Because the heating furnace mostly uses natural gas as fuel, when the air supply gate is not tight, leakage, or other sources
When there is residual gas in the furnace chamber, when the natural gas reaches a concentration of 5%~15%, it will explode due to an open flame, resulting in injury to people.
Heating furnace explosion caused by other reasons Main danger: The heating furnace body belongs to a low-pressure container, when the heating furnace safety accessories (safety valve, pressure).
When the table fails, it will cause the furnace body to explode due to the high air pressure in the furnace. At the same time, when the water in the furnace is dry or the coil is perforated and suppressed, the furnace will also be caused
The child exploded.
Injury to people during oil production operations
Main dangers: When cleaning wax from self-jetting wells, employees need to climb to high and are prone to falling from high altitudes or injuring people from high altitudes;
When the blowout preventer is emptied, it will be smoked down by oil and gas and poisoning accidents will occur; When operating the wax cleaning 1/2 car, it will be injured by the 1/2 car due to improper operation; When waxing,
It will wear and tear the palm of the hand due to the sliding of the wire.
Control and Preventive Measures:
1/2 row of gas detection for wellhead equipment and other gas leakage prone areas
Strictly implement the operating procedures at heights.
Make sure that the oil well pickup rod or wax cleaning ladder is intact and has complete safety protection.
When emptying, people should stand in the limelight to prevent poisoning.
From the above values, it can be seen that the main gas hazards in the operation of the drilling rig come from the wellhead.
5. Gas detection system 1/2 Shao:
A typical gas detection system for drilling rigs is shown in the figure below:
As shown in the figure above, it is a typical schematic diagram of a gas detection system for drilling rigs. According to the actual situation at the wellhead, 2~4 flammable gas probes are installed
and 2~4 hydrogen sulfide gas detectors. Because there is a large amount of corrosive sulfur-containing mud 1/2 at the wellhead, the combustible gas detector should use infrared
Detector with the principle of absorption detection, and all detectors are preferably made of 316 stainless steel. The detector should be equipped with a sensor protection cover, conditional
In the case of the case, it should also be equipped with a rain cover to ensure that 1/2 of the sprayed mud will not affect the normal operation of the detector during operation.
In addition, sound and light alarms should be installed on site and in the drilling rig operation room. When the gas concentration is detected to exceed the standard, the gas alarm system is activated
That is, the sound and light alarm is activated to remind the staff on site and the drilling rig operation room to evacuate immediately, or take corresponding measures.
The most suitable product among Honeywell detectors' products is the XCD type gas detector. Some high-end users have detected flammable gas
The Optima Plus combustible gas detector and the hydrogen sulfide detector are also available in the Apex gas detector.
In the rig operation room, a gas alarm controller of the System57 model is installed. The System57 gas alarm controller provides an on-site detector
DC24V working power supply, and 1/2 of the 4-20mA analog signal from the field detector. When a gas leak is detected to reach the alarm set value,
System57 transmits the alarm/fault relay signal to the drilling rig control PLC, and the PLC system takes corresponding measures. Meanwhile, System57
The relay also drives the sound and light alarms in the field and in the operation room.
The System57 also outputs a 4-20mA analog signal to the PLC system, ensuring that the rig operating system monitors the on-site gas concentration in real time.
Since the gas detection system is a very high safety level system in the drilling rig system, it should be provided with 2 independent redundant power supplies to the system.
to ensure that the system works properly under any circumstances.
6. Honeywell applicable products are:
Sensepoint XCD gas detector (see page 38 for details)
Optima Plus combustible gas detector (see page 42 for details)
System57 Gas Alarm Controller (see page 45 for details)
Apex General Purpose Gas Detector (see page 49 for details)